Role of Membrane Autopsy in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Industrial wastewater treatment has increasingly relied on advanced membrane technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and ultrafiltration (UF) to meet stringent discharge standards and water reuse objectives. Industries such as petrochemicals, textiles, mining, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and power generation generate complex effluents containing dissolved salts, heavy metals, organic compounds, oils, suspended solids, and … Read more