Types of Membrane Fouling (Biological, Scaling, Organic, etc.)
Membrane filtration systems—such as Reverse Osmosis (RO), Ultrafiltration (UF), and Nanofiltration (NF) are essential technologies in modern water and wastewater treatment. Despite their high efficiency, membrane fouling remains a significant operational challenge, leading to decreased performance, higher energy consumption, increased chemical usage, and reduced membrane lifespan. The main types of membrane fouling are biological, scaling, … Read more