Comparison Between New and Used Membranes

Membrane technologies—including ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) have become indispensable pillars of modern water and wastewater treatment systems worldwide. From municipal drinking water plants to industrial effluent recovery facilities and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) installations, these technologies enable precise separation of contaminants at molecular and particulate levels. Their ability to … Read more

Role of Membrane Autopsy in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Industrial wastewater treatment has increasingly relied on advanced membrane technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and ultrafiltration (UF) to meet stringent discharge standards and water reuse objectives. Industries such as petrochemicals, textiles, mining, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and power generation generate complex effluents containing dissolved salts, heavy metals, organic compounds, oils, suspended solids, and … Read more