Comparison Between New and Used Membranes
Membrane technologies—including ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) have become indispensable pillars of modern water and wastewater treatment systems worldwide. From municipal drinking water plants to industrial effluent recovery facilities and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) installations, these technologies enable precise separation of contaminants at molecular and particulate levels. Their ability to … Read more